신장조직 검사 적응증 (Indications for renal biopsy)

Indications for percutaneous needle biopsy include

1. Unexplained acute renal failure or chronic renal insufficiency;

2. Acute nephritic syndromes;

3. Unexplained proteinuria and hematuria;

4. Previously identified and treated lesions to plan future therapy;

5. Systemic diseases associated with kidney dysfunction, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Goodpasture's syndrome, and Wegener's granulomatosis, to confirm the extent of renal involvement and to guide management;

6. Suspected transplant rejection, to differentiate it from other causes of acute renal failure; and

7. To guide treatment.

Relative contraindications include a solitary or ectopic kidney (exception: transplant allografts), horseshoe kidney, uncorrected bleeding disorder, severe uncontrolled hypertension, renal infection, renal neoplasm, hydronephrosis, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), congenital anomalies, multiple cysts, or uncooperative patient.